资料详情

货运险理赔中,施救产生的费用如何认定?

日期:2024-08-20    点击数:1087

<p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">在货运险的理赔案件中,除了货物的实际损失外,经常会涉及到对货物进行施救的施救费的赔偿,哪些是属于货运险理赔中认可的施救费,很容易引起争议,今天我们来讨论一下货运险理赔中施救费的认定问题。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p> <div style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">0</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">1</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">什么是施救及施救费?</span> </div> <div style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;text-align:justify;"> <img src="https://yixiaoer-image-oss.yixiaoer.cn/20240820/423afc21-796b-4ddc-b4bb-89b690418b7e.jpg" /> </div> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">根据《国内水路、陆路货物运输保险》条款中第八条规定,货物如果发生保险责任范围内的损失时,被保险人获悉后,应立即通知当地保险机构并应迅速采取施救和保护措施,防止或减少货物损失。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">什么是施救费?</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <img src="https://yixiaoer-image-oss.yixiaoer.cn/20240820/cf4662dd-b566-467e-b5b3-49b33b1c09f6.jpg" /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">施救费是指被保险货物在遭遇承保的灾害事故时,</span><span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">被保险人或其代理人、雇用人为避免、减少损失采取各种抢救、防护措施时所支付的合理费用</span><span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">。</span><span style="font-size:16px;">比如发生事故后,对货物进行搬运装卸所产生的费用。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">出险事故属于保险责任范围;</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">以减损为目的进行施救;</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">施救费用是必要的、合理的。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">大家可以根据上面3点来初步判断是否属于施救费用。具体还要根据事实情况和保险公司进行协商认定。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p> <div style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">0</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">2</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;"><span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">关于施救费的法律规定</span></span> </div> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <img src="https://yixiaoer-image-oss.yixiaoer.cn/20240820/c60a6017-d0cb-4203-a490-5f3d5e972d98.jpg" /> </div> </span> </p> <p> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">《保险法》第五十七条</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">保险事故发生时,被保险人应当尽力采取必要的措施,防止或者减少损失。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">保险事故发生后,被保险人为防止或者减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要的、合理的费用,由保险人承担;保险人所承担的费用数额在保险标的损失赔偿金额以外另行计算,最高不超过保险金额的数额。</span> </p> <p> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">《保险法司法解释(四)》第六条</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">保险事故发生后,被保险人依照保险法第五十七条的规定,请求保险人承担为防止或者减少保险标的的损失所支付的必要、合理费用,保险人以被保险人采取的措施未产生实际效果为由抗辩的,人民法院不予支持。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p> <div style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">0</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">3</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;"><span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">货运险发生事故后产生的这些常见费用,可以认定为施救费吗?</span></span> </div> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <img src="https://yixiaoer-image-oss.yixiaoer.cn/20240820/73293b0b-0cb3-4b15-8591-d2d6ad3d6c6a.jpg" /> </div> </span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <br /> </div> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <br /> </div> <span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-size:16px;">01</span> </div> </span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">收集费</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">在运输中因为遭遇事故,可能会导致货物撒漏,因收集有价值的撒漏货物且收集价值高于收集费用而产生的合理的收集费由保险人给予补偿。</span> </p> <p style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">02</span> </div> <span style="font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">转运费</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">转运费一般是不能赔偿的,因为转运的目的是为了继续原来未完的行程,并不是救助货物,所以转运车辆的转运费不能归结为施救费。当然这个还是有争议的,建议根据实际情况,综合核定。</span> </p> <p style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">03</span> </div> <span style="font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">清理费</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">发生火灾,货物全损后交警部门为了维护交通通畅而让被保人去清理残骸,这个费用是不能赔偿的,因为货物都损坏了,没有施救价值,不属于保险理赔认定的施救费。这个清理费用是单独由对应的附加险可以附加。需特殊购买。</span> </p> <p style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">04</span> </div> <span style="font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">装卸费</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">很多事故没有导致货物全损的情况下,对未全损的货物进行搬运装卸,所需要的人工费,这个费用是比较常见的施救费用,保险赔付一般也不会有争议。</span> </p> <p style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">05</span> </div> <span style="font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">返厂费</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">返厂费要根据实际情况确定是否能赔偿,如返厂的原因是为了维修,减轻货物的损失,可以赔偿;如返厂是因为买方因为保险事故退货,退货原因不是为了减少损失,则不能赔偿。</span> </p> <p style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">06</span> </div> <span style="font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">拖车费</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">拖车费的救助对象是事故车辆,一般是车险的赔付项目。拖车的目的本身不是为了施救货物的,严格来说不能在货运险下赔付。但是事故车辆得到救助,车上运载的货物也会获益,所以基于合理性原则,也可以尝试和保险公司沟通,协商赔付。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p> <div style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;">04</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-weight:bolder;"><span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">关于施救费的一些常见问题</span></span> </div> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <img src="https://yixiaoer-image-oss.yixiaoer.cn/20240820/6d5f510a-07c3-4cf1-87dd-516d6438e1ca.jpg" /> </div> </span> </p> <p> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-size:16px;">01</span> </div> </span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">施救费要扣除免赔吗?</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">不扣免赔,根据保险法,施救费单独进行核算,保单中约定的免赔不适用施救的理算,通常是理算完成损失赔款后再加上施救费。</span> </p> <p> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-size:16px;">02</span> </div> </span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">施救没有产生效果,可以赔偿施救费吗?</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">通常,采取施救措施后会取得减少损失的效果,但也可能最终施救无效。保险法司法解释四中有明确规定:“被保险人应当采取措施防止或者减少损失的义务,保险人以该措施未产生实际效果为由抗辩的,法院不予支持。”所以施救费的承担不以是否产生施救效果为前提。施救效果如何是难以人力掌控的,只要被保险人在保险事故发生后积极施救,费用合理,施救费就由保险公司承担。</span> </p> <p> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span><br /> </span> </div> <span> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-size:16px;">03</span> </div> </span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">施救费有上限吗?</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">施救费金额是有上限的。基本要求是施救费金额不能超过货值并且在合理范围内,在很多保险条款中,对这个限额也有明确的约定。施救的目的是为了减少损失,如果这个费用过高,施救就没有意义,所以施救费是有金额限制的。</span> </p> <p style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">04</span> </div> <span style="font-weight:bolder;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">施救费需要票据吗?</span> </div> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">施救费需要票据,施救费作为保险赔付的一部分需要提供相关票据证明费用支付的金额和时间。发生施救费用后一定要保留好支付凭证、发票等,如果有施救明细那就更好了,否则可能无法理赔。</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <br /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-weight:bolder;font-size:16px;">05</span><span style="font-weight:bolder;"><span style="font-size:16px;">写在最后</span><br /> </span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <img src="https://yixiaoer-image-oss.yixiaoer.cn/20240820/17d92212-6d13-4ecd-a347-9ff49690e4aa.jpg" /> </p> <p style="text-align:justify;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:16px !important;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">施救费是在《保险法》和《保险条款》中均列明为保险责任,保险公司负责赔偿,但是需要重点强调的是赔付的是必要的、合理的施救费。</span> </p>