<p id="20JI9ND9" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">发送海外舱单是出口国外必不可少的一环，有多而严格的信息与时效要求，操作不规范就可能被罚取高额罚款。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDA" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">舱单称为manifest，主要是船公司传输给始发地与目的地海关进行货物信息查证使用。市场面存在AMS、ISF、ACI、AFR这几种舱单，今天跟领航君一起来详细了解。下面来逐个解析！</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDB" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">1、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;"><a href="http://jkkhj3.cn/v6NLv" target="_blank">美国AMS系统申报</a></span></strong> </p> <p class="f_center" style="text-align:justify;font-size:16px;color:#666666;font-family:Arial, ""> <img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0808%2F89af1c29j00rz20wo001xc000la00c1m.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" /> </p> <p id="20JI9NDE" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">01 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">什么是AMS?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDF" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">AMS是Automated Manifest System(美国舱单系统)的缩写，也叫24小时舱单预报，又称美国海关反恐舱单。AMS的资料是通过使用美国海关指定的系统直接发送到美国海关数据库中，由美国海关系统自动进行检查及回复，回复确认后才能上船，否则，货物将无法上船。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDG" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">02 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">什么时候提交?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDH" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">按美国海关的规定，即所有至美国货物或经美国中转至第三国货物都必须在装船前24小时向美国海关申报。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDI" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">03 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">由谁发送?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDJ" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">要求最接近直接出口商的货代或者提供给船东发送AMS资料。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDK" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">04 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">AMS如何才算申报成功?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDL" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">1、AMS申报成功的三个标识</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDM" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">①ACCEPT/OK标识</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDN" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">表示所发的AMS已通过美国系统的验证。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDO" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">②1Y标识</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDP" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">表示货代发送的子舱单与船司的主舱单匹配，即船司已发了主舱单，且与我们发送的子舱单匹配。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDQ" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">③3Z标识</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NDR" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">表示货代发送的子舱单与ISF匹配，即进口商已发ISF，且与我们的子舱单匹配。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDS" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">2、AMS发送未成功上船的后果若强行上船，很有可能会面临5000美元罚单。</span></strong><span style="font-size:16px;"> 且需要注意发送时间，CBP常会以迟发的名义开出5000美元的罚单。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NDU" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">2、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">美国ISF申报</span></strong> </p> <p class="f_center" style="text-align:justify;font-size:16px;color:#666666;font-family:Arial, ""> <img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0808%2F6d2a44b5j00rz20wo004xc000u000izm.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" /> </p> <p id="20JI9NE3" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">01 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">什么是ISF</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NE4" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">ISF全称为lmporter Security Filing，即“进口安全申报”，也叫反恐申报。要求进口或过境美国的集装箱货物都要在境外港口装船前24小时向美国完成申报。ISF本质上就是在AMS基础上添加了上下游实体信息，但AMS规则既定，无法修改，只好又在此基础上增加了ISF。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NE6" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">02 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">ISF 申报内容</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NE7" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">ISF又被称为ISF10+2，是指在进口货物到美国前，需要发送的12项数据。其中10项数据由进口商/货代/船公司发送，另外2项则由船公司负责发送。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NE9" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">ISF 2的内容</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NEA" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">VESSEL STOW PLAN 船舶积载计划</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEB" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">CONTAINERSTATUS MESSAGE装载集装箱的状态信息</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEC" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">ISF 10的内容</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NED" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">最迟装船前24小时完成申报</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEE" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">lmporterof Record Number美国进口商的海关登记号</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEF" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">Consignee Number 美国收货人的美国保税号码</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEG" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">Seller(Owner)name/address 卖方的名称和地址</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEH" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">Buyer(Owner)name/address 买方的名称和地址</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEI" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">Ship to Party 货物送达的公司名称和地址</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEJ" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">Manufacturer(supplier) name and address制造商的名称和地址</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEK" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">Country of Origin 所有货品的原产地</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEM" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">最迟到港前24小时完成申报</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NEN" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">9>Container Stuffing Location 集装箱的装柜地址</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEO" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">10>Consolidator(Stuffer) name/address 拼箱的公司名称和地址</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NEQ" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">3、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">加拿大ACI/e Manifest申报</span></strong> </p> <p class="f_center" style="text-align:justify;font-size:16px;color:#666666;font-family:Arial, ""> <img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0808%2Fae601024j00rz20wo001yc000rs00dwm.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" /> </p> <p id="20JI9NET" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">01 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">什么是ACI/e Manifest?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NEU" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">ACI(Advance Commercial Information)是预申报商业信息系统，即加拿大版本的AMS舱单系统，所有进口或过境加拿大的货物都要申报ACI。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NF0" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">简单来说，e Manifest就是ACI的升级版，两者最大的差别在于：ACI是用真实的收发通进行一次性申报，而e Manifest需逐层申报，即套了几次单，就申报几次。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NF2" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">加拿大海关明确表示针对加拿大进口货物，必须由各级货代(NVOCC/Freight forwarder)自行提交eHBL数据，不再接受船司代申报ACI S10信息。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NF4" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">02 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">什么时候提交？</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NF5" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">这是加拿大海关的规定，即所有至加拿大货物或经加拿大至第三国货物都必须在装船前二十四小时向加拿大海关申报。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NF7" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">01 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">由谁发送？</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NF8" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">ACI发送：要求最接近直接出口商的货代或者提供给船东发送ACI资料。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NF9" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">E manifest发送：是由每一环的货代逐层申报。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NFB" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">4、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">日本AFR舱单申报</span></strong> </p> <p class="f_center" style="text-align:justify;font-size:16px;color:#666666;font-family:Arial, ""> <img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2023%2F0808%2F009558b7j00rz20wo003fc000u000jzm.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" /> </p> <p id="20JI9NFE" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">01 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">什么是日本AFR舱单系统?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NFF" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">AFR (Advance Filing Rules) 电子舱单海运系统，是由日本海关提出，要求船司或无船承运人(NVOCC)，在海外装船24小时前向日本海关预申报舱单信息。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NFG" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">02 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">AFR由谁来发?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NFH" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">船司或航线代理要发送主提单MBL和离港通知ATD；无船承运人或货代要发送子提单HBL。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NFI" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">03 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">什么时候发?</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NFJ" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">向日本海关申报AFR的申报时间取决于货物的装载港和预计到达的日本港口时间。如果一票货物从中国运到东京，那预申报的信息需要在离港前的24 小时被发出。但在实际操作中，日本海关罚款相对没有那么严格，所以经常会遇到船司或货代在开发船后才发。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NFL" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">5、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">领航君小结</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NFM" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">ISF 和 AMS申报的不同之处，简单区分为：</span></strong><span style="font-size:16px;">AMS是指24小时舱单系统或称美国反恐舱单系统；申报的主要是提单内的信息，货代在申报时多能管控。</span><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">而ISF申报主要是供应链上实体单位，部分信息在买方，部分信息在卖方，如果由货代帮忙申报ISF，必须在定舱时，收集到相关资料；而如果由进口商自己申报，在申报时必须与卖方沟通好一些信息。</span> </p> <p id="20JI9NFN" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <br /> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;">美加线货物的申报有以下几种情况：</span></strong> </p> <p id="20JI9NFO" style="text-align:justify;color:#404040;font-family:Arial, "font-size:18px;"> <span style="font-size:16px;">1、直接到美国的货物发送AMS、ISF申报；</span><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">2、直接到加拿大的货物正常发送E manifest；</span><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">3、过境加拿大，卸货了，铁路进入美国，申报E manifest即可；过境加拿大没有卸货，海运进入美国，需要申报ACI, AMS，ISF；先经过美国再到加拿大卸货，需要申报过境AMS, E manifest，ISF。</span> </p>